Table of Contents
db_url (string)table_name (string)algorithm (integer)history_span (integer)sampling_interval (integer)extra_stats (string)min_samples_asr (integer)min_samples_ccr (integer)min_samples_pdd (integer)min_samples_ast (integer)min_samples_acd (integer)event_bad_dst_threshold (string)decimal_digits (string)List of Tables
List of Examples
db_url parametertable_name parameteralgorithm parameterconnection_timeout parameterconnect_poll_interval parameterextra_stats parametermin_samples_asr parametermin_samples_ccr parametermin_samples_pdd parametermin_samples_ast parametermin_samples_acd parameterevent_bad_dst_threshold parameterdecimal_digits parameterqr_set_xstat() usageqr_disable_dst() usageqr_enable_dst() usageqrouting is a module which sits on top of drouting, dialog and tm and performs live tracking of a series of essential gateway signaling quality indicators (i.e. ASR, CCR, PDD, AST, ACD -- more details below). Thus, qrouting is able to adjust the prefix routing behavior at runtime, by dynamically re-ordering the gateways based on how well they perform during live traffic, such that:
well-performing gateways get prioritized for routing
gateways which show a degradation in signaling quality are demoted to the end of the routing list
The module keeps track of a series of statistics, for each drouting (prefix, destination) pair, where a "destination" may be either a gateway or a carrier. The statistics are:
ASR (Answer Seizure Ratio) - the percentage of telephone calls which are answered (200 reply status code).
CCR (Call Completion Ratio) - the percentage of telephone calls which are answered back by the gateway, excluding 5xx, 6xx reply codes and internal 408 timeouts. The following is always true: CCR >= ASR.
PDD (Post Dial Delay) - the duration, in milliseconds, between the receival of the initial INVITE and the receival of the first 180/183 provisional reply (the call state advances to "ringing").
AST (Average Setup Time) - the duration, in milliseconds, between the receival of the initial INVITE and the receival of the first 200 OK reply (the call state advances to "answered"). The following is always true: AST >= PDD.
ACD (Average Call Duration) - the duration, in seconds, between the receival of the initial INVITE and the receival of the first BYE request from either participant (the call state advances to "ended").
An SQL database URL.
Default value is NULL.
Example 1.1. Setting the db_url parameter
modparam("qrouting", "db_url", "mysql://opensips:opensipsrw@localhost/opensips")
The name of the quality-based routing profiles table.
Default value is "qr_profiles".
Quality-based destination selection/balancing algorithm to use.
Possible values:
"dynamic-weights" - for each prefix, all destinations start with equal weights and receive an equal share of the traffic. As signaling statistics are gathered for the destinations, the ones which underperform will receive less traffic, based on the "penalty" columns of the qr_profiles table
"best-dest-first" - for each prefix, the 1st (i.e. best scoring) destination will receive all the traffic as long as its quality stays the same. Initially, all destinations start with a perfect score. This score may degrade if one or more signaling statistics fall below the "warn" or "crit" thresholds during routing, case in which the destinations will be sorted accordingly and traffic will be routed to the newly determined 1st position in the list
NOTE: for optimal results when using the "best-dest-first" algorithm, the destinations must be provisioned in descending order of their expected quality! (i.e. best quality gateways must be placed towards the start of the list)
Default value is "dynamic-weights".
The duration (in minutes) that a gateway's statistics for a given call will be kept for.
Default value is 30 minutes.
The duration (in seconds) of the statistics sampling window. Every sampling_interval seconds, the accumulated statistics during the most recent sampling window get added to each gateway, while the oldest sampled interval statistics are subtracted (rotated away) from each gateway.
A lower value will lead to a closer to realtime adjustment to traffic changes, but it will also increase CPU usage and internal contention due to locking.
Default value is 5 seconds.
Example 1.5. Setting the connect_poll_interval parameter
modparam("qrouting", "sampling_interval", 5)
A semicolon-separated list of custom statistics to be additionally kept and monitored by the module. In order to gather these statistics, the module expects the script writer to call qr_set_xstat() whenever they want to increment a custom statistic for a (prefix, destination) tuple.
Extra statistics come in two flavours: positive (a higher value is better, e.g. ASR) or negative (a lower value is better, e.g. PDD). The flavour determines the comparison operator to be used against the statistics's thresholds, and can be specified by prepending "+" or "-", respectively, in front of the statistic's name (see example below).
The minimally accepted number of samples for each statistic may be changed using the optional /<min_samples> suffix. Default value: 30 samples (minimum).
The thresholds and penalties for a custom statistic must be provided via the qr_profiles table, by extending it with 4 columns for each extra statistic, named according to these templates:
warn_threshold_<STAT>
crit_threshold_<STAT>
warn_penalty_<STAT>
crit_penalty_<STAT>
Default value is NULL.
Example 1.6. Setting the extra_stats parameter
modparam("qrouting", "extra_stats", "+mos/60; +r_factor; -503_replies/100")
The minimally accepted amount of sampled ASR statistics for each (prefix, destination) pair before they can be taken into account. As long as the number of samples stays below this limit, the ASR statistic of the pair is assumed to be healthy.
Default value is 30.
The minimally accepted amount of sampled CCR statistics for each (prefix, destination) pair before they can be taken into account. As long as the number of samples stays below this limit, the CCR statistic of the pair is assumed to be healthy.
Default value is 30.
The minimally accepted amount of sampled PDD statistics for each (prefix, destination) pair before they can be taken into account. As long as the number of samples stays below this limit, the PDD statistic of the pair is assumed to be healthy.
Default value is 10.
The minimally accepted amount of sampled AST statistics for each (prefix, destination) pair before they can be taken into account. As long as the number of samples stays below this limit, the AST statistic of the pair is assumed to be healthy.
Default value is 10.
The minimally accepted amount of sampled ACD statistics for each (prefix, destination) pair before they can be taken into account. As long as the number of samples stays below this limit, the ACD statistic of the pair is assumed to be healthy.
Default value is 20.
The minimally accepted quality of a (prefix, destination) combination, given as a quoted floating point number in the [0, 1] interval. Whenever a (prefix, destination) combination receives a score below this threshold, the E_QROUTING_BAD_DST event will be triggered.
Default value is NULL (not set).
Example 1.12. Setting the event_bad_dst_threshold parameter
modparam("qrouting", "event_bad_dst_threshold", "0.5")
Provide a new sample value for an extra statistic on a given (prefix, gateway) combination. Extra statistics may be defined using the extra_stats module parameter.
Parameters:
rule_id (integer) - database id of the drouting rule holding the prefix and its destinations
gw_name (string) - gateway to account the statistic for. The gateway must be part of the above rule's destinations.
stat_name (string) - statistic to account
inc_by (string) - quoted floating point number, representing the amount to add to the stat
part (string, optional, default: 'Default') - the drouting partition to use
inc_total (string, optional, default: 1) - the amount to add to the total stat counter. Usually, this value should be 1, but it may make sense to set it to 0 when a custom statistic needs to be set a 2nd, 3rd, etc. time across the duration of the same established call.
This function can be used from any route.
Example 1.14. qr_set_xstat() usage
# the MoS is set exactly once per call, so we can omit "inc_total" $var(rule_id) = 1574; $var(gw_name) = "GW-28"; $var(mos_score) = "4.28"; qr_set_xstat($var(rule_id), $var(gw_name), "mos", $var(mos_score));
Within a given routing rule, temporarily remove the given gateway or carrier from routing, until they are re-enabled via qr_enable_dst() or qr_enable_dst. The removal effect will be lost on an OpenSIPS restart.
Parameters:
rule_id (integer) - database id of the drouting rule
dst_name (string) - gateway or carrier to disable
part (string, optional) - drouting partition
This function can be used from any route.
Example 1.15. qr_disable_dst() usage
# the signaling quality for @rule_id through @dst_name is degrading, remove it!
event_route [E_QROUTING_BAD_DST]
{
qr_disable_dst($param(rule_id), $param(dst_name), $param(partition));
}
Within a given routing rule, re-introduce the given gateway or carrier into the routing process.
Parameters:
rule_id (integer) - database id of the drouting rule
dst_name (string) - gateway or carrier to disable
part (string, optional) - drouting partition
This function can be used from any route.
Example 1.16. qr_enable_dst() usage
# the ban has expired, let's re-enable this gateway and see how it behaves qr_enable_dst($param(rule_id), $param(dst_name), $param(partition));
Reload all quality-based routing rules from the SQL database.
MI FIFO Command Format:
opensips-cli -x mi qr_reload
Inspect the signaling quality statistics of the current history_span for all drouting gateways in all partitions, with various levels of filtering.
Parameters:
partition (optional) - a specific drouting partition to list statistics for
rule_id (optional) - a specific drouting rule database id to list statistics for
dst_name (optional) - a specific gateway or carrier name to list statistics for
MI FIFO Command Format:
opensips-cli -x mi qr_status opensips-cli -x mi qr_status pstn opensips-cli -x mi qr_status pstn 11 MY-GW-3 opensips-cli -x mi qr_status pstn 17 MY-CARR-7
Within a given routing rule, temporarily remove the given gateway or carrier from routing, until they are re-enabled manually. The removal effect will be lost on an OpenSIPS restart.
Parameters:
partition (optional) - drouting partition
rule_id - database id of the drouting rule
dst_name - gateway or carrier to disable
MI FIFO Command Format:
opensips-cli -x mi qr_disable_dst 14 MY-CARR-7 opensips-cli -x mi qr_disable_dst pstn 81 MY-GW-3
Within a given routing rule, re-introduce the given gateway or carrier into the routing process.
Parameters:
partition (optional) - drouting partition
rule_id - database id of the drouting rule
dst_name - gateway or carrier to enable
MI FIFO Command Format:
opensips-cli -x mi qr_enable_dst 14 MY-CARR-7 opensips-cli -x mi qr_enable_dst pstn 81 MY-GW-3
This event may be raised during routing, asynchronously, whenever the score of a (prefix, destination) pair falls below event_bad_dst_threshold.
Parameters:
partition - drouting partition name
rule_id - database id of the drouting rule
dst_name - name of the concerned gateway or carrier
Table 2.1. Top contributors by DevScore(1), authored commits(2) and lines added/removed(3)
| Name | DevScore | Commits | Lines ++ | Lines -- | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Liviu Chircu (@liviuchircu) | 150 | 65 | 4818 | 2748 |
| 2. | Mihai Tiganus (@tallicamike) | 49 | 15 | 2955 | 509 |
| 3. | Maksym Sobolyev (@sobomax) | 6 | 4 | 6 | 7 |
| 4. | Zero King (@l2dy) | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 5. | Bogdan-Andrei Iancu (@bogdan-iancu) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| 6. | Razvan Crainea (@razvancrainea) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
(1) DevScore = author_commits + author_lines_added / (project_lines_added / project_commits) + author_lines_deleted / (project_lines_deleted / project_commits)
(2) including any documentation-related commits, excluding merge commits. Regarding imported patches/code, we do our best to count the work on behalf of the proper owner, as per the "fix_authors" and "mod_renames" arrays in opensips/doc/build-contrib.sh. If you identify any patches/commits which do not get properly attributed to you, please submit a pull request which extends "fix_authors" and/or "mod_renames".
(3) ignoring whitespace edits, renamed files and auto-generated files
Table 2.2. Most recently active contributors(1) to this module
| Name | Commit Activity | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | Maksym Sobolyev (@sobomax) | Oct 2020 - Feb 2023 |
| 2. | Liviu Chircu (@liviuchircu) | Jan 2020 - Apr 2021 |
| 3. | Bogdan-Andrei Iancu (@bogdan-iancu) | Mar 2020 - Mar 2020 |
| 4. | Zero King (@l2dy) | Mar 2020 - Mar 2020 |
| 5. | Razvan Crainea (@razvancrainea) | Feb 2020 - Feb 2020 |
| 6. | Mihai Tiganus (@tallicamike) | Aug 2014 - Nov 2014 |
(1) including any documentation-related commits, excluding merge commits
Last edited by: Liviu Chircu (@liviuchircu).
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